Efficiency is measured on a scale of 0 to 1, where a value of I indicates the unit is relatively efficient, and a value less than 1 indicates the unit is inefficient. The efficiency score of a unit will vary according to the factors and DMUs included in the analysis. In the early days of DEA, there was some concern as to whether it was justified to rank inefficient units according to their efficiency scores on the grounds that the scores may have been calculated from distinct reference sets.
DownloadMergoni, A. A. Emrouznejad, and K. De Witte (2025) Fifty years of Data Envelopment Analysis, European Journal of Operational Research, 326 (3): 389-412, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2024.12.049.
DEA Workshop: Efficiency and Productivity Assessment in Higher Education and Public Services: DEA, Machine Learning, and AI, April 16-17, 2026, Aston University, UK
DEA Course (CLICK HERE)Dates:
Friday, June 12, 2026 – 10.00 to 17.30 (UK time)
Saturday, June 13, 2026 – 10.00 to 17.30 (UK time)
Presenters:
Professor Emmanuel Thanassoulis &
Professor Ali Emrouznejad
by Ali Emrouznejad & Rajiv Banker


William W Cooper

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Performance Improvement Management Software – PIM-DEA software
Managing Service Productivity : Uses of Frontier Efficiency Methodologies and MCDM for Improving Service Performance, Springer

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DownloadPerformance Measurement with Fuzzy DEA, Springer

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Strategic Performance Management &
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