Generally taken to mean an odd unit with an input-output mix that significantly differs from the rest of the units. This can be due to a measurement error, or as a result of the outlier having different operating practices. Outliers that are efficient can introduce bias into the analysis. See Epstein and Henderson (1989). [Epstein M K and Henderson J C (1989) ‘Data envelopment analysis for managerial control and diagnosis’, Decision Sciences, 20, pp 90-119.]
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FAQ
- What is Data Envelopment Analysis?
- BCC
- Categorical variable
- CCR (ratio) mode
- Composite unit
- Constant returns to scale
- Convex cone - Conical hull
- Convex hull
- Convexity constraint
- Cross efficiency matrix
- DEA algorithm
- DEA results are biased
- Decreasing returns to scale
- Discretionary factor
- Discriminatory power
- DMU (Decision making unit)
- Dual Model
- Dual weights - dual multipliers
- Efficiency score
- Efficiency/Productive efficiency
- Envelopment form
- Environmental factor
- Epsilon
- Exogeneously fixed factor
- Facet
- Homogeneity
- Increasing returns to scale
- Input
- Input-oriented
- Input/output mix
- Isotonicity
- Most productive scale size (MPSS)
- Multiplier form
- Non-naturally enveloped unit
- Nondiscretionary factor
- Ordinal variable
- Outlier
- Output
- Output-oriented
- Overall efficiency
- Pareto-efficiency/Pareto-Koopmans efficiency:
- Peer group
- Piecewise linearity
- Primal (CCR) model
- Production function
- Productivity
- Projected point
- Radial measure
- Ratio models
- Reference set
- Reference unit
- Scale efficiency
- Scale of operations
- Slacks
- Targets
- Technical efficiency
- Technology/Production technology
- Unit
- Unit isoquant/Isoquant
- Units invariance
- Variable
- Variable returns to scale
- Virtual input(output)
- Virtual multipliers
- Visualisation
- Weight Flexibility
- Weights
- Well-rounded performance
- Window analysis